Boeing's Huge Pension Gaffe?
Like so many companies in America, Boeing Co. has largely neglected the gaping deficit in its employee pension as it doled out lavish rewards to shareholders.In June, I covered how GE botched its pension math. Last month, I covered America's corporate pension disaster.
What’s raising eyebrows is how it plans to shore up the retirement plan.
Last month, Boeing made its largest pension contribution in over a decade. But rather than put up cash and lock in the funding, the planemaker transferred $3.5 billion of its own shares, including those it bought back in years past. (The administrator says it expects to sell them over the coming year.)
It’s a bold move, and one cheered by many on Wall Street. Yet to pension experts, it isn’t worth the risk. After a record-setting, 58 percent rally this year, Boeing is betting it can keep producing the kind of earnings that push shares higher. If all goes well, not only will the pension benefit, but Boeing says it will be able to forgo contributions for the next four years.
But if anything goes awry, the $57 billion pension -- which covers a majority of its workers and retirees -- could easily end up worse off than before.
“It’s an irresponsible thing to do certainly from the perspective of the plan participants,” said Daniel Bergstresser, a finance professor at the Brandeis International Business School. “Ideally, you would like to put assets in the pension plan that won’t fall in value at exactly the same time that the company is suffering.”
Under Chief Executive Officer Dennis Muilenburg, Boeing’s pension shortfall has widened as the Chicago-based company stepped up share buybacks. The $20 billion gap is now wider than any S&P 500 company except General Electric Co. And relative to earnings, Boeing shares are already trading close to the highest levels in a decade, a sign there might be more downside than upside.
‘Good Value’
Boeing disagrees and sees the strategy as a win-win.
“We continue to see Boeing stock as a good value,” spokesman Chaz Bickers said. “This action further reduces risk to our business while increasing the funding level of our pension plans. Our employees and retirees benefit as well since this action provides funding earlier, giving the plan sponsor more flexibility to grow the plans’ assets.”
It’s too early to tell how things will play out -- especially for a company whose shares have historically been sensitive to the ups and downs of the economy -- and early returns are mixed. Gains have slowed markedly since Boeing transferred 14.4 million shares to its pension on Aug. 1, but the 2.4 percent advance is still more than the S&P 500. (The plan has the option to dispose of the shares at any time.)
Analysts see Boeing climbing to $262.86 a share in the coming year, supported by a near-record $423 billion backlog of jet orders that’s equal to about seven years of factory output. That would be good for a 7.2 percent gain from Thursday’s price of $245.23, and roughly in line with analysts’ estimates for the broader market. In the previous 12 months, Boeing stock nearly doubled.
Price Targets
Of course, Boeing isn’t the only company to opt for stock instead of cash when it comes to its pensions. GE’s plan holds more than $700 million of shares and IBM had about $28 million of stock in its U.S. pensions. But Boeing’s transfer is notable because it was one of the largest in recent memory and happened just one day after the company’s shares reached an all-time high.
Pension experts and academics have long debated how much company stock is too much for retirement plans, particularly because workers’ livelihoods become even more intertwined with their employer’s fortunes when they own shares. The dangers came into full view when Enron’s collapse a decade ago saddled its employees with millions of worthless shares in their 401(k)s.
With pensions like Boeing’s, the risks to the company can be greater when share prices plunge because employers are on the hook to cover any shortfall. And for Boeing, the deficit is already considerable.
“It would have been a cleaner decision to contribute cash to the pension,” said Vitali Kalesnik, the head of equity research at Research Affiliates. “Boeing to a degree is a very cyclical company.”
Boeing’s pension went deep into the red after the global financial crisis in 2008 hurt aircraft sales, while delays in its 787 Dreamliner program burned up cash. Record-low interest rates in the years since hurt pension returns across corporate America, and made it hard for Boeing to claw its way out.
Pension Freeze
At the end of 2016, its pension had $57 billion in assets and $77 billion in obligations -- a funding ratio of 74 percent, data compiled by Bloomberg show.
Boeing froze pensions for Seattle-area Machinist union members last year under a hard-fought contract amendment. It also switched non-union workers to a defined contribution plan.
And the stock transfer last month, combined with a planned $500 million cash payment this year, would be equal to all the company’s contributions during the previous five years. Nevertheless, it still leaves Boeing with roughly $15 billion in unfunded pension liabilities, although the shortfall should gradually shrink over the next four years, according to Sanford C. Bernstein & Co.
To be clear, Boeing has the money. In the past three years, the company generated enough excess cash to buy back $30 billion of its own shares.
But using equity instead of cash does have its advantages. It allows Boeing to conserve its free cash flow -- a key metric for investors -- by transferring Treasury shares that were repurchased at far lower values than today’s prices. In addition, Boeing will get a $700 million tax benefit, which will offset the cost of its $500 million cash contribution.
Risk Strategy
The strategy shows how Boeing can “look at risk differently, be proactive and manage that today, and take that uncertainty out over the next five years,” Greg Smith, Boeing’s chief financial officer and chief strategist, told an investor conference on Aug. 9.
It’s not the first time Boeing has plowed stock into its underfunded pension. In 2009, the company contributed $1.5 billion. The shares jumped 27 percent that year and 21 percent in 2010. By 2011, the plan had cashed out.
But this time, Boeing’s valuation is much higher. With a price-earnings ratio of 23, the stock is more than three times as pricey as it was at the start of 2009. Given the nature of Boeing’s business, its earnings could be vulnerable to geopolitical shocks or an economic slowdown that saps demand for air travel.
What’s more, the longer its pension remains under water, the more expensive it becomes to maintain. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp., a government agency that acts as a backstop when plans fail, has tripled its rates for companies with funding deficits, and more increases are on the way.
There’s a limit to how long Boeing can put off underfunded liabilities. Over the next decade, the company expects to pay out about $46 billion to retirees.
Just when I thought I can't read anything else that shocks me, this little gem of an article appears over the weekend.
Let me begin by stating while Boeing (BA) is a great company and part of the Dow, this is a stupid and highly irresponsible idea. Not only does it violate the prudent investor rule, it makes you question whether Boeing's senior managers are utterly clueless when it comes to managing their pension plan in the best interest of all their stakeholders.
Please indulge me for a minute. Have a look at the 10-year weekly chart of Boeing (BA) below (click on image):
No doubt, following that big dip in 2008, Boeing's shares have surged to record highs, and the company did a good move funding its pension with shares in 2009, even if it was equally irresponsible.
But if Boeing's senior managers and all those genius analysts on Wall Street think shares are going to continue marching higher at a time when deflation threatens the US and global economy, they're in for a rude awakening.
Importantly, and let be crystal clear here, now is not the time to load up on Boeing shares or the shares of Industrials (XLI) which have done extremely well since 2009 led by Boeing (click on image):
Now is the time to take your profits and run and for speculators and short-sellers to start shorting the crap out of these companies.
I know, Boeing isn't married to this position, it can get out of it at any time, but if you ask me, it's a lazy and highly irresponsible way to allocate risk. Boeing should look at what HOOPP, OTPP and other large well-governed Canadian pensions are doing in terms of allocating risk intelligently across public and private markets all over the world.
I'm actually shocked Boeing's unions accept this mediocre handling of their pension plan. If you work at Boeing, make sure you're saving and diversifying away from your company. You don't want to end up like Enron and Nortel employees who suffered a massive haircut to their pension.
One by one, companies are breaking their pension promise. Will Boeing be next? Probably not but if they continue with this nonsense, even this giant will be breaking its pension promise.
More worrisome, it already shifted non-union workers to a defined-contribution plan and it will be a matter of time before it shifts all workers to a DC plan. And you know what I think about DC plans, they are terrible, shift retirement risk entirely onto employees and exacerbate pension poverty.
It's high time the United States of America adopts a single payer healthcare system like Canada and the rest of the civilized world has done and privatize and enhance Social Security for all workers, adopting the Canadian governance model to make sure it's done well.
Companies should solely focus on their core business; most of them (not all) are completely inept at managing pensions.
Below, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau dropped the gloves Monday in his fight with Boeing, saying the government won't do business with a company that he's accusing of attacking Canadian industry and trying to put aerospace employees out of work.
I disagree with our PM on many issues but I agree with him here and think Boeing's allegations relative to Bombardier are utterly ridiculous. Boeing can crush Bombardier like a little bug, it's a much bigger and better-managed company and doesn't need to resort to frivolous lawsuits.
As for its latest move on funding its pension, a year from now, you will all realize how right I was to call this Boeing's huge pension gaffe.
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