Caisse Warned of ABCP Meltdown?
This post is bilingual so if you don't speak French, bear with me, I will translate the important passages. Andrew McIntosh of the Journal de Montréal reports, Des enregistrements font mal paraître la Caisse de dépôt:
In one of the conversations, Natalie Davidson of CIBC Wood Gundy warned Verville of the collapse of the ABCP market in Canada. In another, Verville tells Robert Courchesne of the National Bank: "I'm doing this to help but I will end up with the entire market. Courchesne then replies: "one way or another."
These taped conversations are the talk of the town in Montreal's small financial community because they prove senior investment officers at the Caisse were warned of the imminent meltdown of the ABCP market and instead of liquidating their holdings, which they couldn't do because the Caisse was the market, they bought more of this illiquid paper at the worst possible time.
Now, when I went over the Caisse's $40 billion train wreck back in 2009, I explicitly stated:
Now, before I start getting a barrage of angry emails and phone calls, let me tell you straight out, the one person I blame the most for this entire ABCP fiasco which cost Quebec's pension plan billions is Richard Guay, the former head of Risk at the Caisse who turned a blind eye to the inordinate amount of risk entailed in the ABCP portfolio and other complicated swap portfolios.
Importantly, more than anyone else, Richard Guay should be singled out because he was ultimately responsible for approving the risk limits of individual portfolios at the Caisse. There is no way in hell he didn't know of the credit and liquidity risk of this ABCP portfolio and other complicated structured product portfolios at the Caisse.
And what about Henri-Paul Rousseau? Doesn't the buck stop with the President & CEO of an organization? Absolutely, and he took a personal hit as his image was tarnished and political aspirations decimated because of the huge losses the Caisse suffered during the crisis.
But let me share a true story with you. Back in the winter of 2006, I had a lunch with Heni-Paul Rousseau at Molivos, one of my favorite Greek restaurants in Montreal. At the time, I was a senior investment analyst at PSP Investments. Why did he have lunch with me? That's a long story but trust me, we met and I remember a few things from that lunch.
First, Henri-Paul is an extremely intelligent and impressionable figure. Second, the "big guy" has a healthy appetite. He devoured the grilled octopus, Greek salad, saganaki, tzatziki, grilled vegetables and fish (and graciously picked up the tab). I was equally famished and enjoyed the food, wine, and conversation. We talked about a lot of things over lunch but one thing that struck me is when he looked me in the eye and said: "The Caisse has the best risk management in Canada. Nobody comes close to us. And our policy portfolio is the hardest to beat."
That was almost one year before the crisis erupted in Canada's ABCP market. I believe Henri-Paul truly believed the Caisse's risk management was second to none and was led to believe this by a bunch of delusional academic hacks who conned him into believing this.
Now, did Rousseau, Guay, and other senior officers know about the warnings of an imminent meltdown in the ABCP market? Were they aware of these taped conversations and directly warned of the imminent collapse of Canada's ABCP market? It sure looks that way. Quebecers deserve to find out the truth.
One thing is for sure, Rousseau's senior risk officers and internal auditors dropped the ball and so did the Caisse's clients and their consultants who didn't warn them of the credit risk and liquidity mismatch of this portfolio. As far as l'Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), Quebec's financial regulator, it failed to properly regulate this market (so did the OSC). The Auditor General of Quebec also dropped the ball by not performing an in-depth performance audit of the Caisse's investment activities, making sure they were taking appropriate risks (signing off on financial audits is not enough).
Another true story is when a buddy of mine saw a red faced Rousseau at the lobby of the Royal York hotel in Toronto in the fall of 2007. By then, the crisis had erupted and Rousseau was in full damage control. He was trying to convince Mark Carney, the former Governor of the Bank of Canada, to buy the illiquid paper at full value to save the Caisse and the National Bank. Carney rightly rebuffed him and Rousseau was fuming.
The Caisse and other investors which invested in ABCP, including PSP Investments, formed a group of creditors known as the “Pan-Canadian Investors Committee.” In January 2009, they completed a restructuring of Canada’s $32 billion market through a reorganization proceeding effected under Canada’s Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (the “CCAA”). The restructuring was the largest corporate restructuring in Canadian history and the only restructuring of an entire market in a single CCAA proceeding. The detailed terms of that deal are private and strictly confidential.
The final chapter of Canada's $32 billion ABCP market meltdown has yet to be written. Quebecers and Canadians deserve to know the truth but that won't happen unless we have another special commission. Quite shocking and disturbing, the media coverage of this latest twist of events has been weak to non-existent. It's as if there is a cover-up going on because none of the other major French or English newspapers and media outlets even bothered covering this story.
Martin Vallières of La Presse did write an article, PCAA: des propos du passé, selon la Caisse et la BN, stating that the Caisse and National Bank think the media attention surrounding these taped conversations is overdone and they have learned from their past mistakes:
Below, an RDI interview with Henri-Paul Rousseau, the former president and CEO of the Caisse, conducted five years after he left the Caisse (May 2013).
Postscript: Is the media covering up the Caisse's ABCP fiasco?
Des enregistrements jamais rendus publics de conversations téléphoniques entre des gestionnaires de fonds impliqués dans la débandade des papiers commerciaux, qui a entraîné la disparition de quelque 40 milliards $ du bas de laine des Québécois, il y a cinq ans, laissent entendre que la Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec a contribué à sa propre perte durant cette crise.Radio-Canada also reports, Des enregistrements troublants pour la Caisse de dépôt et placement:
Notre Bureau d’enquête a réussi à mettre la main sur ces enregistrements inédits et tenus secrets jusqu’ici, qui jettent un éclairage nouveau sur une crise sur laquelle le gouvernement libéral de l’époque a trop rapidement enquêté, malgré l’immense impact pour les épargnants québécois.
Encore aujourd’hui, l’Autorité des marchés financiers du Québec (AMF) refuse même de confirmer l’existence de ces enregistrements.
Il en ressort pourtant que la Caisse de dépôt a participé à son propre malheur dans cette crise des papiers commerciaux (PCAA):
«Je ne peux pas sortir, d’une manière ou d’une autre. Moi, je suis mort la gueule ouverte», lance un vice-président de la Caisse, témoignant du niveau de panique qui prévalait à ce moment-là.
- Les gestionnaires de la Caisse ne voulaient pas croire, jusqu’à la dernière semaine, leurs confrères du milieu financier qui les avertissaient de la crise imminente.
- Le gestionnaire de la Caisse qui négociait avec d’autres banques ne connaissait pas très bien les titres qu’il négociait, malgré l’importance des sommes concernées.
- En vendant sans stratégie une trop grande partie de son portefeuille de papiers commerciaux non bancaires, la Caisse a créé de l’inquiétude sur les marchés et moussé la crise.
- La Caisse a utilisé des centaines de millions de dollars pour soutenir le marché des papiers commerciaux non bancaires alors que les autres investisseurs l’abandonnaient.
- Jusqu’au dernier moment, des banques ont tenté de refiler leurs papiers commerciaux à haut risque à des clients, en sachant que cet investissement perdait vite de sa valeur.
Ces conversations enregistrées contredisent une partie des témoignages des hauts dirigeants de la Caisse de dépôt devant la commission spéciale des finances publiques, convoquée par le gouvernement libéral après le gâchis (à lire en page 4).
Conversations enregistrées
Les gestionnaires de fonds importants comme la Caisse et la Financière Banque Nationale ou la CIBC Wood Gundy (deux autres institutions impliquées dans la crise) ont des lignes téléphoniques dont les conversations sont enregistrées quand elles sont utilisées par leurs dirigeants et négociateurs sur les parquets de négociations.
Ces enregistrements sont faits et conservés pour des raisons de conformité aux règlements des marchés financiers.
Selon toute vraisemblance, les courtiers finissent par oublier qu’ils sont enregistrés.
Rendus publics en Ontario
Au Québec, malgré deux demandes formelles d’accès à l’information, l’Autorité des marchés financiers a refusé de rendre publics son rapport d’enquête sur les PCAA et les conversations enregistrées.
Nous avons réussi à obtenir certaines de ces conversations après de longues démarches auprès des autorités des valeurs mobilières de l’Ontario.
C’est en Ontario qu’a eu lieu l’unique procès des acteurs impliqués dans cette crise, soit celui de la firme Coventree, qui avait vendu à la Caisse de dépôt la majeure partie de ses papiers commerciaux toxiques.
Les révélations faites par l'agence QMI au sujet de conversations impliquant un ancien vice-président de la Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec ont suscité des réactions, mercredi.For those of you who do not speak French, let me give you a brief synopsis. Basically, reporters went to the Ontario Securities Commission and got their hands on taped conversations between Luc Verville, the former senior VP of money markets at the Caisse, and a couple of brokers discussing the Caisse's asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) holdings right before the market crumbled.
Dans ces enregistrements, les propos de Luc Verville, l'ancien vice-président en question, portent à croire que la Caisse de dépôt et placement ne s'est pas prémunie, comme elle aurait peut-être pu le faire, contre la crise qui a laissé un trou de près de 40 milliards de dollars dans le « bas de laine » des Québécois.
Le 6 août 2007, quelques jours avant la crise provoquée par l'effondrement des papiers commerciaux adossés à des actifs (PCAA), Luc Verville discute avec Robert Courchesne, qui était alors de l'équipe de direction de la financière Banque Nationale : « S'ils réussissent à te faire paniquer... », dit M. Courchesne à Luc Verville. Ce dernier a alors répliqué : « Ils ne me feront pas paniquer, je suis pris avec d'une manière ou d'une autre. Je suis mort la gueule ouverte ».
Ce à quoi M. Courchesne rétorque : « T'es pas mort la gueule ouverte ».
Les enregistrements obtenus par l'agence QMI font état de deux conversations, la première ayant en quelque sorte servi de sonnette d'alarme pour M. Verville, à qui la Caisse avait confié la gestion de milliards de dollars en investissements. Dans cette première conversation, une haute dirigeante de CIBC Wood Gundy à Toronto, Natalie Davidson, avait mis en garde M. Verville contre l'effondrement imminent des papiers commerciaux non bancaires. Il a fallu une deuxième conversation, celle entre M. Verville et M. Courchesne, pour que le vice-président de la Caisse prenne la mesure du désastre à venir.
Pour Robert Pouliot, membre du conseil d'administration de la Fondation canadienne pour l'avancement des droits des investisseurs, ces enregistrements illustrent « à quel point les professionnels, que l'on croit bien équipés pour réagir face à de telles situations, ne l'étaient pas».
Lorsque Luc Verville, l'ancien vice-président de la Caisse, apprend que Robert Courchesne de la Banque Nationale lui a vendu les papiers commerciaux désormais indésirables, il lui dit ceci: « Moi je fais ça pour aider et je me ramasse avec toute la marde. »
« One way or the other [d'une manière ou d'une autre] », a répondu Robert Courchesne.
Que voulait dire Luc Verville quand il dit avoir acheté des papiers commerciaux « pour aider »? Sur ce point, la Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec refuse de commenter, se limitant à dire qu'elle a complètement revu ses politiques en matière de gestion du risque.
Rappelons qu'en 2009, la Banque Nationale a dû payer une amende de 75 millions de dollars, car, selon l'Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), l'institution avait omis de fournir les détails concernant les PCAA.
À Québec, l'affaire a mené à cette réaction du ministre des Finances, Nicolas Marceau. « Les faits qui sont rapportés ce matin sont des faits qui étaient déjà connus de l'Autorité [des marchés financiers]. » — Nicolas Marceau, ministre des Finances du Québec
Le ministre Marceau ajoute que l'AMF a ces enregistrements en sa possession.
In one of the conversations, Natalie Davidson of CIBC Wood Gundy warned Verville of the collapse of the ABCP market in Canada. In another, Verville tells Robert Courchesne of the National Bank: "I'm doing this to help but I will end up with the entire market. Courchesne then replies: "one way or another."
These taped conversations are the talk of the town in Montreal's small financial community because they prove senior investment officers at the Caisse were warned of the imminent meltdown of the ABCP market and instead of liquidating their holdings, which they couldn't do because the Caisse was the market, they bought more of this illiquid paper at the worst possible time.
Now, when I went over the Caisse's $40 billion train wreck back in 2009, I explicitly stated:
As far as ABCP, I think several people should testify, including Henri-Paul Rousseau, Richard Guay, Gordon Fyfe, the President & CEO of PSP Investments and former President of World Markets at CDP. Last but not least, the politicians should invite Luc Verville, the vice-president with responsibility for money markets at the Caisse when the ABCP back box exploded.I stand by my words except I shouldn't have included Gordon Fyfe. He left the Caisse in September 2003 to become the President & CEO of PSP Investments. Instead, the two people I should have included in that comment were Denis Senécal, the former Executive VP of Fixed Income, who was Verville's direct supervisor, and Christian Pestre, the former CIO of the Caisse who lost billions in his complicated long-term swap portfolio.
They should ask Mr. Verville who was responsible for taking leveraged positions on ABCP and why for so long nobody asked him whether he was taking on too much risk relative to the T-bills benchmark that governed his activities. Who was overseeing his activities and why didn't they pull the plug earlier, before the credit crisis hit? Didn't they realize that taking leveraged positions in illiquid securities is flirting with disaster?
The answer is that as long as everybody was making money beating a bogus benchmark, everyone kept their mouths shut. Now that the music has stopped, they have some serious explaining to do.
I think it's time the public finds out exactly what happened at the Caisse. Once the truth is exposed, the new board should implement sound governance policies to make sure that this type of reckless risk-taking never occurs again.
Now, before I start getting a barrage of angry emails and phone calls, let me tell you straight out, the one person I blame the most for this entire ABCP fiasco which cost Quebec's pension plan billions is Richard Guay, the former head of Risk at the Caisse who turned a blind eye to the inordinate amount of risk entailed in the ABCP portfolio and other complicated swap portfolios.
Importantly, more than anyone else, Richard Guay should be singled out because he was ultimately responsible for approving the risk limits of individual portfolios at the Caisse. There is no way in hell he didn't know of the credit and liquidity risk of this ABCP portfolio and other complicated structured product portfolios at the Caisse.
And what about Henri-Paul Rousseau? Doesn't the buck stop with the President & CEO of an organization? Absolutely, and he took a personal hit as his image was tarnished and political aspirations decimated because of the huge losses the Caisse suffered during the crisis.
But let me share a true story with you. Back in the winter of 2006, I had a lunch with Heni-Paul Rousseau at Molivos, one of my favorite Greek restaurants in Montreal. At the time, I was a senior investment analyst at PSP Investments. Why did he have lunch with me? That's a long story but trust me, we met and I remember a few things from that lunch.
First, Henri-Paul is an extremely intelligent and impressionable figure. Second, the "big guy" has a healthy appetite. He devoured the grilled octopus, Greek salad, saganaki, tzatziki, grilled vegetables and fish (and graciously picked up the tab). I was equally famished and enjoyed the food, wine, and conversation. We talked about a lot of things over lunch but one thing that struck me is when he looked me in the eye and said: "The Caisse has the best risk management in Canada. Nobody comes close to us. And our policy portfolio is the hardest to beat."
That was almost one year before the crisis erupted in Canada's ABCP market. I believe Henri-Paul truly believed the Caisse's risk management was second to none and was led to believe this by a bunch of delusional academic hacks who conned him into believing this.
Now, did Rousseau, Guay, and other senior officers know about the warnings of an imminent meltdown in the ABCP market? Were they aware of these taped conversations and directly warned of the imminent collapse of Canada's ABCP market? It sure looks that way. Quebecers deserve to find out the truth.
One thing is for sure, Rousseau's senior risk officers and internal auditors dropped the ball and so did the Caisse's clients and their consultants who didn't warn them of the credit risk and liquidity mismatch of this portfolio. As far as l'Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), Quebec's financial regulator, it failed to properly regulate this market (so did the OSC). The Auditor General of Quebec also dropped the ball by not performing an in-depth performance audit of the Caisse's investment activities, making sure they were taking appropriate risks (signing off on financial audits is not enough).
Another true story is when a buddy of mine saw a red faced Rousseau at the lobby of the Royal York hotel in Toronto in the fall of 2007. By then, the crisis had erupted and Rousseau was in full damage control. He was trying to convince Mark Carney, the former Governor of the Bank of Canada, to buy the illiquid paper at full value to save the Caisse and the National Bank. Carney rightly rebuffed him and Rousseau was fuming.
The Caisse and other investors which invested in ABCP, including PSP Investments, formed a group of creditors known as the “Pan-Canadian Investors Committee.” In January 2009, they completed a restructuring of Canada’s $32 billion market through a reorganization proceeding effected under Canada’s Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (the “CCAA”). The restructuring was the largest corporate restructuring in Canadian history and the only restructuring of an entire market in a single CCAA proceeding. The detailed terms of that deal are private and strictly confidential.
The final chapter of Canada's $32 billion ABCP market meltdown has yet to be written. Quebecers and Canadians deserve to know the truth but that won't happen unless we have another special commission. Quite shocking and disturbing, the media coverage of this latest twist of events has been weak to non-existent. It's as if there is a cover-up going on because none of the other major French or English newspapers and media outlets even bothered covering this story.
Martin Vallières of La Presse did write an article, PCAA: des propos du passé, selon la Caisse et la BN, stating that the Caisse and National Bank think the media attention surrounding these taped conversations is overdone and they have learned from their past mistakes:
«Tout ça avait déjà été dit. Il n'y a rien de nouveau», a-t-on soutenu à la Caisse de dépôt. À la Banque Nationale, on considère qu'il ne s'agit que d'un exemple «parmi des milliers de conversations» qui ont eu lieu entre les directeurs financiers aux prises avec ces PCAA viciés, il y a six ans. «Ces propos étaient déjà connus. Et durant la résolution de cette crise, nous avons admis des erreurs et avons dû avaler la pilule, en révisant plusieurs processus», a dit le porte-parole de la Nationale, Claude Breton.Listen to the interview with Andrew McIntosh, it is excellent. Mr. McIntosh followed up with an article on what happened to the main players of the ABCP crisis (they are all doing well). Also, watch the coverage on TVA here.
N'empêche, les propos divulgués par Le Journal de Montréal à partir d'enregistrements examinés lors d'enquêtes réglementaires sur les PCAA menées au Québec et en Ontario témoignent de l'incrédulité et de la panique qui ont déferlé à la haute direction de la Caisse, lors du tarissement soudain du marché des PCAA non bancaires dans lequel elle avait dirigé des milliards. À la Nationale aussi, on en avait déjà vendu pour des centaines de millions à des clients d'affaires comme placements de liquidité à court terme.
Below, an RDI interview with Henri-Paul Rousseau, the former president and CEO of the Caisse, conducted five years after he left the Caisse (May 2013).
Postscript: Is the media covering up the Caisse's ABCP fiasco?